Real Estate Finance Basics. Introduction to Leverage 14 Discussion Notes: Discuss the use of pro formas. What information is included in a pro forma. Discuss this simple pro forma. If the cap rate is higher, the project value is lower. The cap rate reflects risk. If property is held and rents go.
This article gives an overview of financial accounting basics for the non accountant. Its orientation is toward recording financial information about a business.
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First, what do we mean by 'financial' accounting? This refers to the recordation of information about money. Thus, we will talk about issuing an invoice to someone, as well as their payment of that invoice, but we will not address any change in the value of a company's overall business, since the latter situation does not involve a specific transaction involving money.
A 'transaction' is a business event that has a monetary impact, such as selling goods to a customer or buying supplies from a supplier. In financial accounting, a transaction triggers the recording of information about the money involved in the event. For example, we would record in the accounting records such events (transactions) as:
- Incurring debt from a lender
- The receipt of an expense report from an employee
- The receipt of an invoice from a supplier
- Selling goods to a customer
- Remitting sales taxes to the government
- Paying wages to employees
- Remitting payroll taxes to the governmentDemon: the Fallen is one of White Wolf's most imaginative and enjoyable games! I've read many of their books, and personally I put this in the top 3 alongside Vampire: The Masquerade and Hunter: The Reckoning. The free-form complexity of acquir. There was a problem previewing Demon The Fallen.pdf. DEMON:THE FALLEN is a role-playing game by White Wolf, set in the original WORLD OF DARKNESS setting. This game is about demons (obviously), but portrayed differently than in Judeo-Christian theology. Lucifer and the other fallen rebelled against God in order to love. Demon: The Fallen PDF.Free download or read online Demon pdf (ePUB) (The Fallen Series) book. The first edition of this novel was published in March 31st 2011, and was written by Kristina Douglas. The book was published in multiple languages including English language, consists of 389 pages and is available in Mass Market Paperback format. The main characters of this paranormal, angels story are Lilith, Azazel (Demon). Demon: The Fallen is a 2004 tabletop role-playing game released by White Wolf Publishing.Set in the World of Darkness, players take on the role of a demon - a fallen angel who descended to the Garden of Eden with Lucifer only to be condemned to Hell after a long war with Heaven.The game focuses on 'infernal glory' as its central theme for storytelling and character development - the.
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We record this information in 'accounts.' An account is a separate, detailed record about a specific item, such as expenditures for office supplies, or accounts receivable, or accounts payable. There can be many accounts, of which the most common are:
- Cash. This is the current balance of cash held by a business, usually in checking or savings accounts.
- Accounts receivable. These are sales on credit, which customers must pay for at a later date.
- Inventory. This is items held in stock, for eventual sale to customers.
- Fixed assets. These are more expensive assets that the business plans to use for multiple years.
- Accounts payable. These are liabilities payable to suppliers that have not yet been paid.
- Accrued expenses. These are liabilities for which the business has not yet been billed, but for which it will eventually have to pay.
- Debt. This is cash loaned to the business by another party.
- Equity. This is the ownership interest in the business, which is the founding capital and any subsequent profits that have been retained in the business.
- Revenue. This is sales made to customers (both on credit and in cash).
- Cost of goods sold. This is the cost of goods or services sold to customers.
- Administrative expenses. These are a variety of expenses required to run a business, such as salaries, rent, utilities, and office supplies.
- Income taxes. These are the taxes paid to the government on any profits earned by the business.
How do we enter information about transactions into these accounts? There are two ways to do so:
- Software module entries. If you use accounting software to record financial accounting transactions, there will probably be on-line forms that you can fill out for each of the major transactions, such as creating a customer or invoice or recording a supplier invoice. Every time you fill out one of these forms, the software automatically populates the accounts for you.
- Journal entries. You can access a journal entry form in your accounting software, or create a journal entry by hand. There is a great deal to journal entries. In brief, a journal entry must always impact a minimum of two accounts, with a debit entry being recorded against one account and a credit entry against the other. There can be many more than just two accounts, but the total dollar amount of debits must equal the total dollar amount of credits. See the journal entries article for more information.
The accounts are stored in the general ledger. This is the master set of all accounts, in which are stored all of the business transactions that have been entered into the accounts with journal entries or software module entries. Thus, the general ledger is your go-to document for all of the detailed financial accounting information about a business.
If you want to understand the detail for a particular account, such as the current amount of accounts receivable outstanding, you would access the general ledger for this information. In addition, most accounting software packages provide a number of reports that give you better insights into the business than just reading through the accounts. In particular, there are aged accounts receivable and aged accounts payable reports that are useful for determining the current list of uncollected accounts receivable and unpaid accounts payable, respectively.
The general ledger is also the source document for the financial statements. There are several financial statements, which are:
- Balance sheet. This report lists the assets, liabilities, and equity of the business as of the report date.
- Income statement. This report lists the revenues, expenses, and profit or loss of the business for a specific period of time.
- Statement of cash flows. This report lists the cash inflows and outflows generated by the business for a specific period of time. It may be formatted using the direct method or the indirect method.
Other less-used elements of the financial statements are the statement of retained earnings and a large number of accompanying disclosures.
In summary, we have shown that financial accounting involves the recording of business transactions in accounts, which in turn are summarized in the general ledger, which in turn is used to create financial statements.
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